stream能够更加优雅的处理集合、数组等数据,让我们写出更加直观、可读性更高的数据处理代码
set、list能够直接通过.stream()的形式创建steam流
而数组需要通过 Arrays.stream(arr); Stream.of(arr);
map需要通过entrySet()方法,先将map转换成Set<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> set对象,再通过set.stream()的方式转换
stream中的api比较多
/** * @author Pzi * @create 2022-12-30 13:22 */ @SpringBootTest @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) public class Test2 { @Test public void test1() { List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); authors .stream() .distinct() .filter(author -> { // 满足这个条件,那么才会被筛选到继续留在stream中 return author.getAge() < 18; }) .forEach(author -> System.out.println(author.getAge())); } // 对双列集合map的stream操作 @Test public void test2() { Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("蜡笔小新", 19); map.put("黑子", 17); map.put("日向翔阳", 16); //entrySet是一个包含多个Entry的Set数据结构,Entry是key-val型的数据结构 Set<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> entries = map.entrySet(); entries.stream() .filter(entry -> { return entry.getValue() > 17; }) .forEach(entry -> { System.out.println(entry); }); } // stream的map操作,提取stream中对象的属性,或者计算 @Test public void test3() { List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); authors .stream() .map(author -> author.getName()) .forEach(name -> System.out.println(name)); System.out.println(1); authors .stream() .map(author -> author.getAge()) .map(age -> age + 10) .forEach(age -> System.out.println(age)); } // steam的sorted操作 @Test public void test4() { List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); authors .stream() .distinct() .sorted(((o1, o2) -> o2.getAge() - o1.getAge())) .skip(1) .forEach(author -> System.out.println(author.getName() + " " + author.getAge())); } // flapMap的使用,重新组装,改变stream流中存放的对象 @Test public void test5() { // 打印所有书籍的名字。要求对重复的元素进行去重。 List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); authors.stream() .flatMap(author -> author.getBooks().stream()) .distinct() .forEach(book -> System.out.println(book.getName())); authors.stream() // 将以authors为对象的stream流 组装成 以book为对象的strem流 .flatMap(author -> author.getBooks().stream()) .distinct() // 将每个book中的category转换成数组,然后将[x1,x2]代表分类的数组转换成stream流,然后使用flapMap将该数组stream流组装成以x1,x2...为对象的stream流 // 将以book为对象的strem流 组装成 以category为对象的stream流 .flatMap(book -> Arrays.stream(book.getCategory().split(","))) .distinct() .forEach(category -> System.out.println(category)); } // 数组转换成stream流 @Test public void test6() { Integer[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; Stream<Integer> stream = Arrays.stream(arr); stream .filter(integer -> integer > 3) .forEach(integer -> System.out.println(integer)); } @Test public void test7() { // 打印这些作家的所出书籍的数目,注意删除重复元素。 List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); long count = authors .stream() .flatMap(author -> author.getBooks().stream()) .distinct() .count(); System.out.println(count); } // max() min() @Test public void test8() { // 分别获取这些作家的所出书籍的最高分和最低分并打印。 List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); Optional<Integer> max = authors.stream() .flatMap(author -> author.getBooks().stream()) .map(book -> book.getScore()) .max((score1, score2) -> score1 - score2); Optional<Integer> min = authors.stream() .flatMap(author -> author.getBooks().stream()) .map(book -> book.getScore()) .min((score1, score2) -> score1 - score2); System.out.println(max.get()); System.out.println(min.get()); } // stream 的 collect() @Test public void test9() { // 获取所有作者名字 List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); Set<String> collect = authors.stream() .map(author -> author.getName()) .collect(Collectors.toSet()); System.out.println(collect); //获取一个所有书名的Set集合。 Set<String> collect1 = authors.stream() .flatMap(author -> author.getBooks().stream()) .map(book -> book.getName()) .collect(Collectors.toSet()); System.out.println(collect1); // 获取一个Map集合,map的key为作者名,value为List<Book> Map<String, List<Book>> collect2 = authors.stream() .distinct() .collect(Collectors.toMap(author -> author.getName(), author -> author.getBooks())); System.out.println(collect2); } // anyMatch @Test public void test10() { List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); boolean b = authors.stream() .anyMatch(author -> author.getAge() > 29); System.out.println(b); } // allMatch @Test public void test11() { List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); boolean b = authors.stream() .allMatch(author -> author.getAge() > 18); System.out.println(b); } // findFirst @Test public void test12() { List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); Optional<Author> first = authors.stream() .sorted(((o1, o2) -> o1.getAge() - o2.getAge())) .findFirst(); first.ifPresent(author -> System.out.println(author)); } // reduce() 的使用 @Test public void test13() { // 使用reduce求所有作者年龄的和 List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); Integer sum = authors.stream() .distinct() .map(author -> author.getAge()) .reduce(0, (result, element) -> result + element); // .reduce(0, (result, element) -> result + element); System.out.println(sum); } @Test public void test14() { // 使用reduce求所有作者中年龄的最小值 List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); Integer minAge = authors.stream() .map(author -> author.getAge()) .reduce(Integer.MAX_VALUE, (res, ele) -> res > ele ? ele : res); System.out.println(minAge); } // 没有初始值的reduce()使用 @Test public void test15() { List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); Optional<Integer> age = authors.stream() .map(author -> author.getAge()) .reduce((res, ele) -> res > ele ? ele : res); System.out.println(age.get()); } // Optional对象的封装,orElseGet的使用 @Test public void test16() { Optional<Author> authorOptional = Optional.ofNullable(null); Author author1 = authorOptional.orElseGet(() -> new Author(1l, "1", 1, "1", null)); System.out.println(author1); // authorOptional.ifPresent(author -> System.out.println(author.getName())); } @Test public void test17() { Optional<Author> authorOptional = Optional.ofNullable(null); try { Author author = authorOptional.orElseThrow((Supplier<Throwable>) () -> new RuntimeException("exception")); System.out.println(author.getName()); } catch (Throwable throwable) { throwable.printStackTrace(); } } // Optional的filter()方法 // ifPresent()可以安全消费Optional中包装的对象 @Test public void test18() { Optional<Author> optionalAuthor = Optional.ofNullable(S.getAuthors().get(0)); optionalAuthor .filter(author -> author.getAge() > 14) .ifPresent(author -> System.out.println(author)); } // Optional的isPresent()方法,用来判断该Optional是否包装了对象 @Test public void test19() { Optional<Author> optionalAuthor = Optional.ofNullable(S.getAuthors().get(0)); boolean present = optionalAuthor.isPresent(); if (present) { System.out.println(optionalAuthor.get().getName()); } } // Optional的map(),将一个 Optional 转换成另一个 Optional @Test public void test20() { Optional<Author> optionalAuthor = Optional.ofNullable(S.getAuthors().get(0)); optionalAuthor.ifPresent(author -> System.out.println(author.getBooks())); Optional<List<Book>> books = optionalAuthor.map(author -> author.getBooks()); books.ifPresent(books1 -> System.out.println(books.get())); } // 类的静态方法 @Test public void test21() { List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); authors.stream() .map(author -> author.getAge()) .map(integer -> String.valueOf(integer)); // lambda方法体中只有一行代码 // .map(String::valueOf); } // 对象的实例方法 @Test public void test22() { List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); Stream<Author> authorStream = authors.stream(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); authorStream.map(author -> author.getName()) // lambda方法体中只有一行代码,且将参数全部按照顺序传入这个重写方法中 .forEach(str -> sb.append(str)); } // 接口中只有一个抽象方法称为函数式接口 // 方法引用的条件是:lambda方法体中只有一行方法 // 构造器的方法引用 @Test public void test23() { List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); authors.stream() .map(Author::getName) .map(StringBuilder::new) .map(stringBuilder -> stringBuilder.append("abc")) .forEach(System.out::println); } // steam提供的处理基本数据类型,避免频繁的自动拆/装箱,从而达到省时,提高性能 @Test public void test24() { List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); authors.stream() .map(author -> author.getAge()) .map(age -> age + 10) .filter(age -> age > 18) .map(age -> age + 2) .forEach(System.out::println); authors.stream() .mapToInt(author -> author.getAge()) .map(age -> age + 10) .filter(age -> age > 18) .map(age -> age + 2) .forEach(System.out::println); } @Test public void test25() { List<Author> authors = S.getAuthors(); authors.stream() .parallel() .map(author -> author.getAge()) .peek(integer -> System.out.println(integer+" "+Thread.currentThread().getName())) .reduce(new BinaryOperator<Integer>() { @Override public Integer apply(Integer result, Integer ele) { return result + ele; } }).ifPresent(sum -> System.out.println(sum)); } }
lambda表达式只关心 形参列表 和 方法体
用在重写抽象方法的时候,一般都是采用lambda表达式的方式来重写
函数式接口:接口中只有一个抽象方法,就称之为函数式接口。在Java中Consumer,Funciton,Supplier
方法引用:当lambda表达式的方法体中只有一行代码,并且符合一些规则,就可以将该行代码转换成方法引用的形式
可以直接使用idea的提示自动转换
这只是一个语法糖,能看懂代码就行,不要过于纠结